51Question
A nursing instructor observes a student washing hands at a sink before a clean procedure. Which action shows correct technique?
- Turns the water to full force and as hot as tolerable to kill organisms
- Sets a moderate stream of warm water and keeps the uniform away from the sink
- Uses cold water at a slow trickle to preserve the oils in the skin
- Leans against the edge of the sink to keep the hands steady under the water
Show the answer and explanation
Answer: B. Sets a moderate stream of warm water and keeps the uniform away from the sink
Topic: hand washing technique
A moderate flow limits splashing that could contaminate the uniform, and warm water cleans well without stripping protective skin oils. Very hot water damages the skin, and a sink edge is contaminated.
Why the others are wrong
- A – A forceful, hot stream splashes and irritates the skin; heat does not make washing more effective.
- C – Cold water at a slow trickle does not rinse soap off well.
- D – The sink edge is contaminated; leaning on it transfers organisms to the uniform.
Written for the Medical Exam YouTube channel and answered blind by a second AI model before publication.
52Question
A 24-year-old arrives at the emergency department after a family wedding with two days of vomiting, about ten watery stools, a low-grade fever and abdominal cramps. Twelve other guests have the same symptoms. Which precautions should the nurse initiate?
- Standard precautions alone
- Contact precautions in addition to standard precautions
- Droplet precautions in addition to standard precautions
- Airborne precautions in a negative-pressure room
Show the answer and explanation
Answer: B. Contact precautions in addition to standard precautions
Topic: precautions for acute gastroenteritis
A cluster of vomiting and diarrhea after a shared event suggests a gastrointestinal virus such as norovirus, which spreads by contact with stool, vomit and contaminated surfaces. Contact precautions, with hand washing with soap and water, are added to standard precautions.
Why the others are wrong
- A – Heavy stool and vomit with a likely contagious cause call for more than standard precautions.
- C – Droplet precautions are for respiratory pathogens spread by large particles.
- D – Airborne precautions are for tiny particles like those of tuberculosis, not a gastrointestinal illness.
Written for the Medical Exam YouTube channel and answered blind by a second AI model before publication.
53Question
A client stepped on a nail yesterday. The wound on the sole of the left foot now has redness, warmth, swelling and purulent drainage that stay at the foot. Temperature is 98.9 F (37.2 C), heart rate is 76 and white blood cell count is 8,000/mm3. How should the nurse classify this infection?
- Localized infection
- Systemic infection that has spread through the bloodstream
- Latent infection
- Colonization
Show the answer and explanation
Answer: A. Localized infection
Topic: classifying infection extent
A localized infection stays near the site of entry and causes local signs such as redness, warmth, swelling and drainage. A systemic infection spreads through the blood or lymph and brings fever, tachycardia and a raised white count.
Why the others are wrong
- B – Systemic infection would show general signs such as fever, rapid pulse and a raised white count.
- C – A latent infection is dormant and shows no active signs.
- D – Colonization means organisms are present without tissue injury or inflammation, and here there is both.
Written for the Medical Exam YouTube channel and answered blind by a second AI model before publication.
54Question
A nurse will perform open tracheal suctioning for a client with suspected pulmonary tuberculosis. After assessing the risk of this task, which protective equipment should the nurse use?
Select all that apply.
- Fit-tested N95 respirator or higher
- Surgical mask in place of a respirator
- Gloves
- Gown
- Eye protection or face shield
- Disposable shoe covers
Show the answers and explanation
Answers: A, C, D and E.
- A – Fit-tested N95 respirator or higher
- C – Gloves
- D – Gown
- E – Eye protection or face shield
Topic: point-of-care PPE selection
Tuberculosis requires an N95 or higher respirator. Open suctioning provokes coughing and splashing of secretions, so gloves, a gown and eye protection are added. Shoe covers are not needed for this task.
Why the others are wrong
- B – A surgical mask does not filter small airborne particles, so it cannot replace a respirator.
- F – Shoe covers do not protect against secretions in this task; they are not routinely required.
Written for the Medical Exam YouTube channel and answered blind by a second AI model before publication.
55Question
A nurse is about to enter the room of a client with a new productive cough to change a wound dressing. Which action should the nurse take before entering the room?
- Put on a gown, gloves, mask and goggles for every client contact as a routine
- Perform hand hygiene and then rely on the signage on the door to select equipment
- Judge the task, the client and the room to choose protective gear
- Wait for the sputum culture results before selecting any protective equipment
Show the answer and explanation
Answer: C. Judge the task, the client and the room to choose protective gear
Topic: point-of-care risk assessment
Before every client interaction the nurse performs an on-the-spot risk assessment of the task, the client's condition and the surroundings to decide which protective measures are required. The client's status and environment change, so the assessment is repeated each time.
Why the others are wrong
- A – Routine full gear for every contact is not risk-based and wastes resources.
- B – A sign shows only known precautions and cannot reflect the risks of the task being done.
- D – Culture results take days; protection must be selected before the contact based on current findings.
Written for the Medical Exam YouTube channel and answered blind by a second AI model before publication.
56Question
A client with Clostridioides difficile infection has liquid stool that spills onto the bare wrist of the client's spouse during a toileting episode. How should the nurse instruct the spouse to clean the area?
- Wipe off the stool with a paper towel, then wash with soap and running water
- Rub the wrist with an alcohol-based hand sanitizer until the skin is dry
- Wipe the skin with an alcohol pad and leave it uncovered
- Rinse the wrist with water alone and watch for a rash
Show the answer and explanation
Answer: A. Wipe off the stool with a paper towel, then wash with soap and running water
Topic: cleaning skin after C. difficile exposure
C. difficile forms spores that alcohol does not kill. Mechanical removal with soap and running water is what lifts the spores from the skin, so contaminated skin is washed rather than treated with alcohol rub.
Why the others are wrong
- B – Alcohol-based sanitizer does not destroy C. difficile spores.
- C – An alcohol pad does not remove spores and leaves them on the skin.
- D – Water alone does not lift the spores as soap and friction do.
Written for the Medical Exam YouTube channel and answered blind by a second AI model before publication.
57Question
An infection preventionist audits a medical unit and observes staff who are about to give direct care. Which observations show factors that make hand hygiene less effective?
Select all that apply.
- A ring set with several raised stones
- Chapped, cracked skin on the backs of the hands
- Natural fingernails trimmed to the fingertip
- Chipped nail polish
- Long hair secured at the nape of the neck
- Artificial nail extensions
Show the answers and explanation
Answers: A, B, D and F.
- A – A ring set with several raised stones
- B – Chapped, cracked skin on the backs of the hands
- D – Chipped nail polish
- F – Artificial nail extensions
Topic: factors that reduce hand hygiene effectiveness
Rings with stones, damaged skin, chipped polish and artificial nails harbor higher numbers of microorganisms and make hands harder to clean, so they raise the risk of passing organisms to clients. Short natural nails and secured hair do not interfere with hand hygiene.
Why the others are wrong
- C – Short natural nails are recommended because they carry fewer organisms.
- E – Secured hair keeps hair from contaminating hands and the field; it does not reduce hand hygiene effectiveness.
Written for the Medical Exam YouTube channel and answered blind by a second AI model before publication.
58Question
A client is admitted with adenovirus pneumonia, an infection that requires both droplet and contact precautions. Which items does the nurse use when providing care?
Select all that apply.
- Surgical mask
- N95 respirator
- Gown
- Gloves
- Negative-pressure room
- Shoe covers
Show the answers and explanation
Answers: A, C and D.
- A – Surgical mask
- C – Gown
- D – Gloves
Topic: combined droplet and contact precautions
Droplet precautions require a surgical mask when within about 3 to 6 feet of the client, and contact precautions require a gown and gloves for contact with the client or the environment. A private room is preferred, but a respirator and negative-pressure room are reserved for airborne pathogens. Shoe covers are not part of routine precautions.
Why the others are wrong
- B – An N95 respirator is for airborne pathogens such as tuberculosis, measles and varicella.
- E – Negative-pressure rooms are for airborne infections; a private room is enough here.
- F – Shoe covers are not part of droplet or contact precautions.
Written for the Medical Exam YouTube channel and answered blind by a second AI model before publication.
59Question
During a group game in a long-term care dayroom, a resident suddenly vomits at the table. Norovirus is suspected. Which action should the nurse take first to limit spread?
- Notify the infection preventionist and wait for instructions before doing anything else
- Move the other residents away from the vomitus and keep them out of the area
- Wipe the table with alcohol-based sanitizer wipes
- Place every resident who was in the dayroom on airborne precautions right away
Show the answer and explanation
Answer: B. Move the other residents away from the vomitus and keep them out of the area
Topic: outbreak response to suspected norovirus
Norovirus spreads easily by contact and by aerosolized vomit, so the first step is to protect other residents by moving them away and restricting the area. The ill resident is then taken to a private room, and the area is cleaned by staff wearing gloves and gown with an EPA-registered product that has a norovirus claim. Alcohol-based sanitizers are not reliable against norovirus.
Why the others are wrong
- A – Notification is required, but it comes after immediate steps to prevent more exposure.
- C – Alcohol-based products are not reliable against norovirus; an approved product with a norovirus claim is needed.
- D – Norovirus is not airborne; contact and standard precautions apply.
Written for the Medical Exam YouTube channel and answered blind by a second AI model before publication.
60Question
A nurse is preparing to enter the room of a client on contact precautions. Which actions should the nurse complete before putting on the personal protective equipment?
Select all that apply.
- Perform hand hygiene
- Secure long hair away from the face and collar
- Put on gloves before the gown
- Rinse hands with plain water as the only preparation
- Check that the equipment is intact and the right size
Show the answers and explanation
Answers: A, B and E.
- A – Perform hand hygiene
- B – Secure long hair away from the face and collar
- E – Check that the equipment is intact and the right size
Topic: preparation before donning PPE
Hands are cleaned first so that PPE is not put on over contaminated hands, long hair is secured so that it does not touch the client or contaminate the nurse, and the equipment is checked for tears and fit. The gown goes on before gloves so that the glove cuffs cover the gown cuffs, and plain water does not remove microorganisms.
Why the others are wrong
- C – The gown is put on first and gloves last, so the glove cuffs cover the gown cuffs.
- D – Plain water does not remove or kill microorganisms; soap and water or alcohol-based rub is needed.
Written for the Medical Exam YouTube channel and answered blind by a second AI model before publication.
61Question
A nurse leaves the room of a client with Clostridioides difficile infection after giving care. Gloves were worn throughout, and the nurse's hands look clean. Which action is best?
- Use alcohol-based hand rub, because the hands are not visibly soiled
- Skip hand hygiene, because gloves were worn for the whole task
- Rub twice with alcohol-based product for extra contact time
- Wash with soap and water
Show the answer and explanation
Answer: D. Wash with soap and water
Topic: hand hygiene method for C. difficile
C. difficile forms spores that alcohol does not reliably kill, and washing with soap and water physically removes them from the hands. Gloves do not replace hand hygiene because they can have small defects and hands can be contaminated during removal.
Why the others are wrong
- A – Alcohol does not reliably kill C. difficile spores, even on visibly clean hands.
- B – Gloves can leak and hands can become contaminated during removal, so hand hygiene is still required.
- C – Repeating an alcohol rub does not make it effective against spores.
Written for the Medical Exam YouTube channel and answered blind by a second AI model before publication.
62Question
A nursing student demonstrates handwashing with soap and water for hands that are visibly soiled. Which actions are correct?
Select all that apply.
- Wet the hands and wrists with warm water before applying soap
- Rub all surfaces, including thumbs, between the fingers and under the nails, for at least 20 seconds
- Hold the hands up with the fingertips above the wrists while rinsing
- Rinse with the fingertips pointing downward so the water runs off the fingertips
- Use very hot water to kill more organisms
- Stop rubbing after about five seconds of lather
Show the answers and explanation
Answers: A, B and D.
- A – Wet the hands and wrists with warm water before applying soap
- B – Rub all surfaces, including thumbs, between the fingers and under the nails, for at least 20 seconds
- D – Rinse with the fingertips pointing downward so the water runs off the fingertips
Topic: handwashing technique with soap and water
Hands are wetted first, soap is applied and all surfaces are scrubbed for at least 20 seconds, and the hands are rinsed with the fingertips down so that the dirty water runs off the fingers rather than back up the wrists. Warm water is used because very hot water irritates skin and does not improve cleaning.
Why the others are wrong
- C – Holding fingertips up lets contaminated water run back toward the wrists and forearms.
- E – Very hot water damages skin, which harbors more microorganisms, and does not clean better.
- F – Rubbing for about five seconds is too short to remove soil and organisms.
Written for the Medical Exam YouTube channel and answered blind by a second AI model before publication.
63Question
A client has a central venous catheter and an indwelling urinary catheter. Which nursing actions help break the chain of infection at the portal of entry?
Select all that apply.
- Scrub the needleless connector with an antiseptic before each access
- Keep the urinary drainage system closed
- Place a surgical mask on the client during transport
- Review the need for each device daily and ask for removal when it is no longer needed
- Give the influenza vaccine when it is due
- Place soiled linen in a leak-proof bag
Show the answers and explanation
Answers: A, B and D.
- A – Scrub the needleless connector with an antiseptic before each access
- B – Keep the urinary drainage system closed
- D – Review the need for each device daily and ask for removal when it is no longer needed
Topic: breaking the portal of entry link
The portal of entry is the route by which an organism gets into a susceptible host. Disinfecting access points, maintaining closed systems and removing unneeded devices close that route. A mask blocks the portal of exit, vaccination strengthens the susceptible host, and bagging linen interrupts the mode of transmission.
Why the others are wrong
- C – A mask on the client blocks the portal of exit, not the portal of entry.
- E – Vaccination increases the host's resistance, which is a different link.
- F – Bagging soiled linen controls the mode of transmission.
Written for the Medical Exam YouTube channel and answered blind by a second AI model before publication.
64Question
A nurse is about to help a client who has diarrhea and a draining wound move to a chair. Which activities belong to the bedside risk assessment the nurse performs before this contact?
Select all that apply.
- Judging how likely the task is to involve contact with body fluids or contaminated surfaces
- Observing the client's condition, such as diarrhea or wound drainage, and the surroundings
- Completing an exposure report after a splash
- Reviewing last year's staff immunization record
- Waiting for culture results before choosing any precautions
Show the answers and explanation
Answers: A and B.
- A – Judging how likely the task is to involve contact with body fluids or contaminated surfaces
- B – Observing the client's condition, such as diarrhea or wound drainage, and the surroundings
Topic: point-of-care risk assessment
A bedside risk assessment of this kind is done before each client interaction. The nurse looks at the client, the task and the environment, judges the likelihood of exposure, and then chooses the hand hygiene and protective equipment that fit. Reporting an exposure is a response to an event, and standard precautions apply without waiting for results.
Why the others are wrong
- C – An exposure report follows an incident; it is not a pre-contact assessment.
- D – Immunization review is an occupational health activity, not a bedside step.
- E – Standard precautions apply to all clients, and protection is chosen on the likely exposure, not on laboratory confirmation.
Written for the Medical Exam YouTube channel and answered blind by a second AI model before publication.
65Question
A nurse is caring for a client with an indwelling urinary catheter. At which times must the nurse perform hand hygiene?
Select all that apply.
- Before touching the client at the start of the shift to take vital signs
- Before cleaning the area around the catheter insertion site
- After emptying the urinary drainage bag
- After adjusting the bed rail on the way out of the room
- Only when the hands look visibly soiled
- After reading lab results on the nurses' station computer
Show the answers and explanation
Answers: A, B, C and D.
- A – Before touching the client at the start of the shift to take vital signs
- B – Before cleaning the area around the catheter insertion site
- C – After emptying the urinary drainage bag
- D – After adjusting the bed rail on the way out of the room
Topic: moments for hand hygiene
Hand hygiene is required before touching the client, before a clean or aseptic procedure such as catheter care, after any exposure to body fluids such as emptying the drainage bag, after touching the client, and after touching the client's surroundings. Waiting for visible soil is not acceptable, and reading results at the station is not a hand hygiene moment.
Why the others are wrong
- E – Hands can carry organisms without looking soiled, so hand hygiene follows the moments of care.
- F – Reading results away from the bedside does not follow client or body fluid contact.
Written for the Medical Exam YouTube channel and answered blind by a second AI model before publication.
66Question
A client reports itchy, red streaks of fluid-filled blisters on both lower legs two days after clearing brush at a cabin. There is no fever, the rash is limited to contact areas, and household members who stayed indoors have no rash. The provider suspects plant-induced contact dermatitis. Which precautions does the nurse use?
- Standard precautions only
- Contact precautions until the blisters stop weeping
- Droplet precautions in a private room
- Contact and droplet precautions together
Show the answer and explanation
Answer: A. Standard precautions only
Topic: choosing precautions for a non-infectious rash
Contact dermatitis from a plant resin is an allergic skin reaction, not an infection, and the rash cannot be passed from person to person through the blister fluid. Standard precautions are used, and clothing and tools that carry the resin are washed. Additional precautions are for suspected transmissible infections.
Why the others are wrong
- B – Contact precautions are for transmissible infections, and this is not one.
- C – Droplet precautions are for respiratory pathogens spread by large droplets.
- D – There is no infectious agent to justify any combination of additional precautions.
Written for the Medical Exam YouTube channel and answered blind by a second AI model before publication.
67Question
A nurse applies alcohol-based hand rub before entering a client's room. After about eight seconds, the hands feel only slightly damp. What should the nurse do?
- Wipe the hands on a paper towel to remove the residue
- Rinse the hands briefly under running water
- Keep rubbing all surfaces until the hands are completely dry
- Stop, since a damp feeling means the product has already worked
Show the answer and explanation
Answer: C. Keep rubbing all surfaces until the hands are completely dry
Topic: alcohol-based hand rub endpoint
Alcohol-based rub needs enough contact time to work, and it should be rubbed over all surfaces until it dries, which usually takes about 20 seconds. Wiping or rinsing removes the product before it has finished acting.
Why the others are wrong
- A – Wiping removes the antiseptic before it has had enough contact time.
- B – Rinsing removes the antiseptic and wets the hands again.
- D – Dampness means the product is still working and the process is not finished.
Written for the Medical Exam YouTube channel and answered blind by a second AI model before publication.
68Question
A client with confirmed influenza on the first day of fever asks the nurse why antibiotics were not prescribed. Which explanation by the nurse is most accurate?
- "Antibiotics are saved for severe cases, and you will get them if the fever lasts more than three days."
- "The flu is caused by a virus, which antibiotics do not kill; an antiviral drug can help if started early."
- "The flu is caused by bacteria that are now resistant, so antibiotics no longer work against it."
- "The flu is caused by a fungus, so you need an antifungal medicine instead of antibiotics."
Show the answer and explanation
Answer: B. "The flu is caused by a virus, which antibiotics do not kill; an antiviral drug can help if started early."
Topic: influenza as a viral infection
Influenza is caused by a virus, so antibiotics, which act on bacteria, do not treat it. An antiviral drug such as oseltamivir is most useful when started within about 48 hours of symptom onset, and the provider decides who needs it. Antibiotics are used only if a bacterial complication develops.
Why the others are wrong
- A – Duration of fever does not make antibiotics effective against a virus.
- C – Influenza is not bacterial, and resistance is not the reason antibiotics fail.
- D – Influenza is not a fungal infection, and antifungals have no role.
Written for the Medical Exam YouTube channel and answered blind by a second AI model before publication.
69Question
A nurse has just removed gloves after care of a client on contact precautions and is now taking off the gown. Which technique is correct?
- Pull the gown over the head by grasping the clean outer front and lifting
- Untie only the waist ties and slide the gown down from the hips with both hands
- Unfasten the ties, peel the gown away from the neck and shoulders touching only the inside, and roll it inside out into a bundle
- Fold the gown with the outside showing and leave it on a chair for the next shift
Show the answer and explanation
Answer: C. Unfasten the ties, peel the gown away from the neck and shoulders touching only the inside, and roll it inside out into a bundle
Topic: gown removal technique
The outside of the gown is contaminated, so the nurse touches only the inside surface, pulls the gown away from the shoulders, and rolls it inward into a bundle to contain the contaminated surface before discarding it. Hand hygiene follows immediately.
Why the others are wrong
- A – Grasping the outer front touches the contaminated surface.
- B – Pulling from the hips leaves the neck area and outer surface against clothing and can touch the contaminated side.
- D – A worn gown is contaminated and must not be reused or left in the room.
Written for the Medical Exam YouTube channel and answered blind by a second AI model before publication.
70Question
A nurse teaches a new unlicensed assistive personnel (UAP) how to dry the hands after handwashing. Which statements by the UAP show correct understanding?
Select all that apply.
- "I dry thoroughly with paper towels, moving from my fingertips toward my wrists."
- "I pat once and let my hands air dry so towels are not wasted."
- "I use a dry paper towel to turn off the faucet."
- "I use the shared cloth towel beside the sink."
- "Drying completely helps keep the skin from chapping and limits spread of germs."
Show the answers and explanation
Answers: A, C and E.
- A – "I dry thoroughly with paper towels, moving from my fingertips toward my wrists."
- C – "I use a dry paper towel to turn off the faucet."
- E – "Drying completely helps keep the skin from chapping and limits spread of germs."
Topic: drying hands after washing
Hands are dried completely with a single-use towel, from the cleanest area, the fingertips, toward the least clean area, the wrists, and the same towel is then used to turn off hand-operated faucets. Moist hands transfer organisms more easily and chapped skin harbors them. Shared cloth towels spread contamination.
Why the others are wrong
- B – Damp hands pick up and spread organisms more readily, so drying must be complete.
- D – A shared cloth towel transfers organisms from one person to the next.
Written for the Medical Exam YouTube channel and answered blind by a second AI model before publication.
71Question
A nurse educator reviews glove use with staff. Which statements are correct?
Select all that apply.
- Change gloves when moving from a contaminated body site to a clean site on the same client
- Remove the second glove by sliding clean fingers under the cuff and peeling it off over the first
- Wash gloves with soap between clients to save supplies
- Put gloves on last, so the cuffs cover the cuffs of the gown
- Wear one pair for an entire bed bath to save supplies, since the client is the same
Show the answers and explanation
Answers: A, B and D.
- A – Change gloves when moving from a contaminated body site to a clean site on the same client
- B – Remove the second glove by sliding clean fingers under the cuff and peeling it off over the first
- D – Put gloves on last, so the cuffs cover the cuffs of the gown
Topic: correct glove use and removal
Gloves are changed whenever they move from a dirty to a clean site on the same client, because they can carry organisms to clean areas. Removing the first glove with the other gloved hand and then sliding bare fingers under the second cuff keeps contaminated surfaces away from bare skin, and gloves are put on after the gown with the cuffs overlapping it. Gloves are single use and are never washed for reuse.
Why the others are wrong
- C – Gloves are single use; washing damages them and leaves organisms behind.
- E – Wearing one pair across body sites, including soiled to clean areas, spreads organisms to the client.
Written for the Medical Exam YouTube channel and answered blind by a second AI model before publication.
72Question
A charge nurse is assigning rooms on a unit where a client has been admitted with rubella, a communicable viral infection spread by droplets. Which nurse should NOT be assigned to this client?
- A nurse who completed rubella vaccination and has proof of immunity on file in occupational health
- A nurse who is 10 weeks pregnant and has no rubella immunity
- A nurse with seasonal allergies
- A nurse who had chickenpox as a child and has no other known health problems
Show the answer and explanation
Answer: B. A nurse who is 10 weeks pregnant and has no rubella immunity
Topic: staff assignment for a client with rubella
Rubella infection in early pregnancy can cause miscarriage or congenital rubella syndrome, and rubella vaccine, a live vaccine, cannot be given during pregnancy. Nonimmune staff, and especially pregnant ones, should not care for a client with rubella. Immune staff may do so using droplet precautions.
Why the others are wrong
- A – Documented vaccination gives immunity, so this nurse may care for the client with droplet precautions.
- C – Seasonal allergies are not an infection risk factor for rubella.
- D – Past chickenpox says nothing about rubella immunity, but this nurse is not pregnant, so risk is low and she is a safe choice.
Written for the Medical Exam YouTube channel and answered blind by a second AI model before publication.
73Question
A nurse teaches a nursing student about glove use. Which statement by the student shows a need for further teaching?
- "If I wear gloves, I can skip cleaning my hands after I take them off."
- "Gloves help protect both me and the client from spreading germs to each other."
- "Gloves can have tiny holes that I cannot see."
- "I put on a clean pair for each client."
Show the answer and explanation
Answer: A. "If I wear gloves, I can skip cleaning my hands after I take them off."
Topic: purpose and limits of gloves
Gloves act as a barrier and limit the spread of organisms, but they can have defects, and hands become contaminated when they are removed. Hand hygiene is therefore always performed after taking gloves off, and a new pair is used for each client.
Why the others are wrong
- B – This is correct: gloves protect both the nurse and the client.
- C – This is correct: unseen defects are one reason hand hygiene is still needed.
- D – This is correct: a new pair is used for each client.
Written for the Medical Exam YouTube channel and answered blind by a second AI model before publication.
74Question
A nurse empties an ostomy pouch for a client on contact precautions while wearing gloves, a gown and a face shield because of a splash risk. Before leaving the room, which item should the nurse remove first?
- Gown
- Face shield
- Mask
- Gloves
Show the answer and explanation
Answer: D. Gloves
Topic: order of removing PPE
Gloves are the most heavily contaminated item and are removed first, using the glove-to-glove and skin-to-skin technique. Hand hygiene follows, and then the remaining equipment is taken off in an order that keeps contaminated surfaces away from the skin and face.
Why the others are wrong
- A – The gown is taken off after the gloves and the eye protection.
- B – The face shield is removed after the gloves, handling only the headband or earpieces.
- C – The mask is not even the first item to consider, since it guards the face and is taken off near the end.
Written for the Medical Exam YouTube channel and answered blind by a second AI model before publication.
75Question
A charge nurse is reviewing new admissions to decide which clients need an airborne infection isolation room. Which clients require airborne precautions?
Select all that apply.
- A client with suspected pulmonary tuberculosis
- A client with pertussis
- A client with measles (rubeola)
- A client with meningococcal meningitis
- A client with varicella (chickenpox)
- A client with Clostridioides difficile infection
Show the answers and explanation
Answers: A, C and E.
- A – A client with suspected pulmonary tuberculosis
- C – A client with measles (rubeola)
- E – A client with varicella (chickenpox)
Topic: airborne precautions by organism
Tuberculosis, measles and varicella spread by small particles that stay suspended in air and travel on air currents, so they need a negative-pressure airborne infection isolation room and a fit-tested N95 or higher respirator for staff. Varicella also needs contact precautions until the lesions are crusted. The other organisms spread by large droplets or by contact.
Why the others are wrong
- B – Pertussis spreads by large respiratory droplets; droplet precautions with a surgical mask are used.
- D – Meningococcal meningitis is spread by droplets; droplet precautions are kept until 24 hours of effective antibiotic therapy.
- F – C. difficile is spread by contact with spores on hands and surfaces; contact precautions are used.
Written for the Medical Exam YouTube channel and answered blind by a second AI model before publication.
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