26Question
A client with influenza is admitted and coughs and sneezes frequently while talking to the nurse. Which items are portals of exit for the virus from this client?
Select all that apply.
- Respiratory secretions released during coughing
- Droplets sprayed by sneezing
- The nurse's contaminated gloves
- The nasal lining of a susceptible roommate
- Oral secretions expelled while the client speaks
- The overbed table touched by the client
Show the answers and explanation
Answers: A, B and E.
- A – Respiratory secretions released during coughing
- B – Droplets sprayed by sneezing
- E – Oral secretions expelled while the client speaks
Topic: chain of infection portal of exit
The portal of exit is the route by which an organism leaves the reservoir. For a respiratory virus the exits are the mouth and nose, so coughing, sneezing and spray of oral secretions during speech all release virus from the client. Gloves and tables carry the virus afterwards, and the roommate's nasal lining is a portal of entry.
Why the others are wrong
- C – Contaminated gloves are a means of transmission after the virus has already left the client.
- D – The roommate's nasal lining is a portal of entry into a new host.
- F – A touched table is a contaminated surface (fomite) that carries virus; it is not a way out of the client's body.
Written for the Medical Exam YouTube channel and answered blind by a second AI model before publication.
27Question
A nurse who has been fit tested puts on an N95 respirator before entering the room of a client with suspected active tuberculosis. On exhaling sharply, the nurse feels air escaping around the nose. What should the nurse do?
- Enter the room anyway and breathe slowly and shallowly to limit how much air leaks in
- Reposition the nosepiece and straps, then repeat the seal check before entering
- Wear a surgical mask over the respirator so the leak is covered
- Tape the leaking edge to the face and continue without checking again
Show the answer and explanation
Answer: B. Reposition the nosepiece and straps, then repeat the seal check before entering
Topic: respirator user seal check
A respirator only protects when it seals to the face. A user seal check is done every time the respirator is put on, and if air leaks the wearer adjusts the nosepiece and straps and checks again. The nurse does not enter the room until a good seal is confirmed.
Why the others are wrong
- A – Slow breathing does not stop contaminated air from being pulled in through a gap; the seal must be corrected first.
- C – A second mask does not seal the respirator and can break the seal further.
- D – Taping is not an accepted way to seal a respirator, and skipping the repeat check leaves the nurse unprotected.
Written for the Medical Exam YouTube channel and answered blind by a second AI model before publication.
28Question
A nurse is caring for several clients on a medical unit. In which situations must the nurse wash with soap and water rather than rely on an alcohol-based hand rub?
Select all that apply.
- After caring for a client with Clostridioides difficile diarrhea
- After wiping stool from a client's skin, leaving the hands visibly soiled
- After helping a client with suspected norovirus gastroenteritis to the toilet
- After removing gloves from a blood pressure check on a client with MRSA, with hands that look clean
- Before accessing the hub of a central venous catheter, with hands that look clean
Show the answers and explanation
Answers: A, B and C.
- A – After caring for a client with Clostridioides difficile diarrhea
- B – After wiping stool from a client's skin, leaving the hands visibly soiled
- C – After helping a client with suspected norovirus gastroenteritis to the toilet
Topic: when soap and water is required
Soap and water is needed when hands are visibly soiled and after contact with clients who have diseases caused by spores (C. difficile) or hardy non-enveloped viruses (norovirus), because alcohol does not reliably inactivate them and washing physically removes them. Clean-looking hands after routine contact can be cleaned with an alcohol rub.
Why the others are wrong
- D – MRSA is killed by alcohol, and the hands are not visibly soiled, so an alcohol rub is acceptable.
- E – Hands that look clean before a line access can be cleaned with an alcohol rub, which is the usual method.
Written for the Medical Exam YouTube channel and answered blind by a second AI model before publication.
29Question
Several clients on a hospital unit develop Legionnaires disease, and investigators trace the bacteria to the water in the building's cooling tower. In the chain of infection, the cooling tower water is best described as which link?
- Portal of entry
- Reservoir
- Infectious agent
- Susceptible host
Show the answer and explanation
Answer: B. Reservoir
Topic: chain of infection reservoir
A reservoir is a living or non-living place where an organism survives and multiplies. Legionella grows in warm water systems, so the cooling tower water is the reservoir. The bacterium is the agent, the lungs are the portal of entry, and the exposed clients are the hosts.
Why the others are wrong
- A – The portal of entry is the route into a host, here the respiratory tract, not the water source.
- C – The infectious agent is the Legionella bacterium itself, not the water that harbors it.
- D – The susceptible hosts are the clients who inhale the contaminated mist.
Written for the Medical Exam YouTube channel and answered blind by a second AI model before publication.
30Question
A nurse admits a client with influenza who has a frequent cough. Which actions help break the chain of infection?
Select all that apply.
- Clean the hands with hand hygiene both before and after each contact with the client
- Place the client in a private room on droplet precautions and wear a surgical mask on entering
- Clean and disinfect high-touch surfaces in the room according to policy
- Encourage staff to receive the seasonal influenza vaccine
- Carry the stethoscope to the next client without cleaning it
- Tell the client that covering coughs is not needed in a private room
Show the answers and explanation
Answers: A, B, C and D.
- A – Clean the hands with hand hygiene both before and after each contact with the client
- B – Place the client in a private room on droplet precautions and wear a surgical mask on entering
- C – Clean and disinfect high-touch surfaces in the room according to policy
- D – Encourage staff to receive the seasonal influenza vaccine
Topic: breaking the chain of infection
Infection is stopped by interrupting any link. Hand hygiene, droplet precautions and surface disinfection interrupt transmission and the portal of entry, and staff vaccination lowers the number of susceptible hosts. Sharing equipment without cleaning it and neglecting cough etiquette keep the chain intact.
Why the others are wrong
- E – An uncleaned stethoscope carries organisms from one client to the next and extends the chain.
- F – Cough etiquette is still taught in a private room because droplets reach staff and surfaces.
Written for the Medical Exam YouTube channel and answered blind by a second AI model before publication.
31Question
A client in an airborne infection isolation room for suspected active pulmonary tuberculosis must go to the radiology department for imaging. What should the nurse ensure before the client leaves the room?
- The client wears a gown and gloves for the whole trip
- The client is sent unmasked if the trip will be short
- The client's mask is removed in hallways to ease breathing
- The client wears a surgical mask and the receiving department is alerted
Show the answer and explanation
Answer: D. The client wears a surgical mask and the receiving department is alerted
Topic: transport of client on airborne precautions
Movement of a client on airborne precautions is limited to essential trips. The client wears a surgical mask to trap respiratory particles and the receiving area is told ahead of time so it can prepare. Staff who share an enclosed space with the client follow the airborne precautions in place.
Why the others are wrong
- A – Gloves and a gown address contact spread, not particles that travel in the air.
- B – A short trip does not remove the risk; any trip outside the room needs a mask on the client.
- C – Removing the mask in public areas releases infectious particles.
Written for the Medical Exam YouTube channel and answered blind by a second AI model before publication.
32Question
A nurse is applying a topical antibiotic to oozing, fluid-filled lesions on a client with bullous impetigo, which is managed with contact precautions. Which protective equipment should the nurse wear?
Select all that apply.
- Clean gloves
- Gown
- N95 respirator
- Shoe covers
- Surgical mask
Show the answers and explanation
Answers: A and B.
Topic: contact precautions for skin lesions
Impetigo spreads by direct contact with the lesions and drainage. Gloves protect the hands during touch, and a gown protects clothing and skin from drainage that may leak or spray when blisters rupture. Respiratory protection is not required for a contact-spread skin infection.
Why the others are wrong
- C – An N95 respirator is for airborne particles; impetigo is not spread that way.
- D – Shoe covers are not part of routine contact precautions.
- E – A surgical mask protects against droplets; impetigo is spread by contact with lesions.
Written for the Medical Exam YouTube channel and answered blind by a second AI model before publication.
33Question
A client has an extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) organism in the urine and is on contact precautions. Which measures should the nurse include in the client's care?
Select all that apply.
- Wear gloves for contact with the client and the environment
- Wear a gown when clothing may touch the client or room surfaces
- Place the client in a private room or with a client who has the same organism
- Wear an N95 respirator on entering the room
- Use hand hygiene only when entering the room, not when leaving
- Carry the stethoscope from this room to the next without cleaning it
Show the answers and explanation
Answers: A, B and C.
- A – Wear gloves for contact with the client and the environment
- B – Wear a gown when clothing may touch the client or room surfaces
- C – Place the client in a private room or with a client who has the same organism
Topic: contact precautions for multidrug-resistant organism
Multidrug-resistant gram-negative organisms spread by contact. Contact precautions combine gloves, a gown when contact is expected, a private room or cohorting, and hand hygiene, with client-dedicated or cleaned equipment. Respiratory protection is not needed.
Why the others are wrong
- D – An N95 respirator is used for airborne diseases, and ESBL organisms are spread by contact.
- E – Hand hygiene is also required when leaving the room, because hands and gloves are contaminated.
- F – Shared equipment must be dedicated to the client or cleaned and disinfected before use on another client.
Written for the Medical Exam YouTube channel and answered blind by a second AI model before publication.
34Question
A unit educator explains that alcohol hand rub should be available at the point of care. Which conditions together define the point of care for hand hygiene?
Select all that apply.
- The client is in the immediate area
- The healthcare provider is in the immediate area
- Care or treatment that involves touching the client or surroundings is about to occur
- The medication preparation room
- The central supply room
Show the answers and explanation
Answers: A, B and C.
- A – The client is in the immediate area
- B – The healthcare provider is in the immediate area
- C – Care or treatment that involves touching the client or surroundings is about to occur
Topic: point of care for hand hygiene
The point of care is the place where the client, the healthcare provider and care or treatment involving contact come together. Hand hygiene products must be reachable at that place so that hands can be cleaned at the moment they are needed.
Why the others are wrong
- D – A medication room is a work area; it is not defined by the presence of the client and care.
- E – A supply room is a storage area, not a place where client contact takes place.
Written for the Medical Exam YouTube channel and answered blind by a second AI model before publication.
35Question
While rinsing soap from the hands at a sink, a nurse's fingers brush the inside edge of the basin. What should the nurse do?
- Rinse the fingers once more and continue drying
- Repeat the entire hand wash with fresh soap
- Dry the hands and apply a small amount of alcohol rub
- Continue as planned since running water has removed surface organisms
Show the answer and explanation
Answer: B. Repeat the entire hand wash with fresh soap
Topic: hand washing technique
The inside of the sink is considered contaminated. If the hands touch it, they are no longer clean, so the nurse starts the hand wash over from the beginning with soap.
Why the others are wrong
- A – A brief rinse does not clean contamination picked up from the sink.
- C – Applying alcohol rub over contaminated hands does not replace a full wash after touching the sink.
- D – Water alone does not make the sink safe to touch, so the hands are contaminated.
Written for the Medical Exam YouTube channel and answered blind by a second AI model before publication.
36Question
A nurse who has not been fit tested for an N95 respirator is assigned to a client with suspected active pulmonary tuberculosis. What is the best action?
- Ask the charge nurse to reassign the client to a nurse with current fit testing
- Wear two surgical masks layered together and limit the time spent in the room
- Wear a surgical mask and keep the door closed throughout the visit
- Wear an N95 respirator of any size and tape it in place
Show the answer and explanation
Answer: A. Ask the charge nurse to reassign the client to a nurse with current fit testing
Topic: respirator fit testing for airborne precautions
Staff caring for clients with suspected active tuberculosis need a fit-tested N95 or higher-level respirator, because a respirator that has not been fit tested may not seal. Staff without current fit testing should not provide care, so the nurse reports the problem and asks that the assignment be changed.
Why the others are wrong
- B – Layering surgical masks does not give respirator-level protection against airborne particles.
- C – A surgical mask does not protect the wearer from inhaled airborne particles, and closing the door does not change that.
- D – A respirator that has not been fit tested to the nurse may leak, and tape does not fix this.
Written for the Medical Exam YouTube channel and answered blind by a second AI model before publication.
37Question
A nurse is admitting a client with Clostridioides difficile infection who has frequent watery diarrhea. Which room assignment is most appropriate?
- Semi-private room with a client who has a new colostomy
- Negative-pressure room with the door kept closed
- Private room with its own toilet
- Semi-private room with a client receiving chemotherapy
Show the answer and explanation
Answer: C. Private room with its own toilet
Topic: room placement for C. difficile
C. difficile spreads by contact with spores in stool, so a private room with a dedicated toilet is preferred. This limits contamination of shared surfaces and keeps other clients from being exposed.
Why the others are wrong
- A – A client with a new stoma has a recent surgical wound and could be exposed to spores on shared surfaces.
- B – Negative pressure is for airborne diseases; C. difficile is spread by contact.
- D – A client on chemotherapy may be immunosuppressed and should not share a room with an infectious client.
Written for the Medical Exam YouTube channel and answered blind by a second AI model before publication.
38Question
A client on a respiratory unit is diagnosed with active pulmonary tuberculosis. Which transmission-based precautions sign should the nurse post at the room door?
- Droplet precautions
- Airborne precautions
- Contact precautions
- Standard precautions only
Show the answer and explanation
Answer: B. Airborne precautions
Topic: tuberculosis transmission category
Tuberculosis spreads on tiny particles that remain suspended in air, so the client needs airborne precautions: a negative-pressure room with the door closed and respirators for staff.
Why the others are wrong
- A – Droplet precautions apply to larger particles that fall within a short distance.
- C – Contact precautions apply to organisms spread by touch.
- D – Standard precautions alone do not control a pathogen that spreads through the air.
Written for the Medical Exam YouTube channel and answered blind by a second AI model before publication.
39Question
A nurse is instructing a UAP who will carry a meal tray to a client on contact precautions for vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE). The UAP will place the tray on the overbed table and will not touch the client. Which instruction is best?
- Leave the tray outside the door and ask the client to retrieve it unaided
- Wear an N95 respirator and goggles because VRE spreads through the air
- Skip protective equipment because the client will not be touched
- Wear the protection listed on the door sign, then remove it and clean hands before leaving
Show the answer and explanation
Answer: D. Wear the protection listed on the door sign, then remove it and clean hands before leaving
Topic: delegating tasks in contact isolation
Anyone entering a contact precautions room follows the protective equipment listed for that room, because surfaces such as the overbed table can carry the organism. Equipment is removed and hands are cleaned before leaving so that the organism is not carried out. The UAP also still brings the meal to the client.
Why the others are wrong
- A – A client who cannot reach the tray unaided is denied a meal, and care should not be withheld because of isolation.
- B – VRE is not airborne, so a respirator and goggles are unnecessary.
- C – Surfaces in the room can be contaminated, so equipment is needed even without touching the client.
Written for the Medical Exam YouTube channel and answered blind by a second AI model before publication.
40Question
A nurse has cleaned stool from the perineum of a client with VRE infection while wearing gloves and a gown. The nurse must now apply a clean dressing to a sacral wound on the same client. What should the nurse do first?
- Wipe the soiled gloves with an alcohol pad and continue
- Put a second pair of gloves over the soiled pair
- Remove the soiled gloves, perform hand hygiene, and put on clean gloves
- Apply the dressing and change gloves afterward
Show the answer and explanation
Answer: C. Remove the soiled gloves, perform hand hygiene, and put on clean gloves
Topic: glove change between dirty and clean tasks
Gloves that have touched a contaminated area must be changed when moving to a clean task on the same client. The nurse removes them, cleans the hands, and puts on a new pair before touching the wound, so stool organisms are not moved to the wound.
Why the others are wrong
- A – Alcohol wipes do not make gloves safe for reuse, and gloves can have small defects.
- B – Double gloving over soiled gloves still places contaminated material between the nurse and the wound.
- D – Changing gloves after the dressing is too late; stool organisms would already be in the wound.
Written for the Medical Exam YouTube channel and answered blind by a second AI model before publication.
41Question
A client with Clostridioides difficile infection is being discharged, and the family arrives at the nurses' station with an oversized box of pastries to thank the staff. What is the nurse's best response?
- Thank the family and explain that food is kept out of client-care areas; offer to take it to the break room
- Accept the gift and share it at the nurses' station after everyone uses an alcohol hand rub
- Thank the family and place the box on the counter beside the supply cart for later
- Refuse and tell the family that gifts are never allowed on the unit
Show the answer and explanation
Answer: A. Thank the family and explain that food is kept out of client-care areas; offer to take it to the break room
Topic: food in clinical areas
Food should not be stored or eaten in client-care areas, where hands and surfaces can carry organisms such as C. difficile spores. The nurse can express appreciation, explain the reason without blame and move the gift to a designated staff area.
Why the others are wrong
- B – Alcohol hand rub does not reliably remove C. difficile spores, and eating at a clinical work area risks contamination.
- C – Leaving food beside supplies in a client-care area exposes it to contamination.
- D – A blanket refusal is untrue and hurts the family's feelings; the problem is where food is kept, not the gift itself.
Written for the Medical Exam YouTube channel and answered blind by a second AI model before publication.
42Question
A nurse is irrigating a draining wound on a client with a methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infection. Splashing of wound fluid is expected. Which protective equipment should the nurse wear?
Select all that apply.
- Clean gloves
- Gown
- Eye protection
- Surgical mask
- N95 respirator
- Shoe covers
Show the answers and explanation
Answers: A, B, C and D.
- A – Clean gloves
- B – Gown
- C – Eye protection
- D – Surgical mask
Topic: PPE for splash risk with contact precautions
Wound irrigation can spray fluid, so standard precautions call for gloves, a gown, a mask and eye protection to cover the hands, body and mucous membranes. MRSA also requires contact precautions, which add gloves and gown. A respirator is for airborne disease and shoe covers are not routinely required.
Why the others are wrong
- E – An N95 respirator is for airborne diseases; MRSA is spread by contact and drainage, and a surgical mask covers splashes.
- F – Shoe covers are not routinely needed to prevent spread of MRSA.
Written for the Medical Exam YouTube channel and answered blind by a second AI model before publication.
43Question
A nurse dispenses alcohol-based hand rub into one palm before entering a client's room. Which technique shows that the nurse is performing hand antisepsis correctly?
- Rubbing for a few seconds, then drying the hands on a paper towel
- Applying a small drop to the palms only and rubbing briefly
- Rinsing the hands briefly with water after the rub has been applied
- Rubbing all surfaces of the hands and fingers until they are dry
Show the answer and explanation
Answer: D. Rubbing all surfaces of the hands and fingers until they are dry
Topic: alcohol hand rub technique
Alcohol rub works only when it contacts all surfaces of the hands and fingers and stays on them until it has evaporated. Wiping it off, rinsing it or using too small an amount shortens the contact and lowers the effect.
Why the others are wrong
- A – Using a towel before the rub dries removes the product too soon.
- B – A small drop on the palms only leaves fingers, thumbs and nails uncovered.
- C – Rinsing removes the alcohol and ends its action; the rub is left to dry.
Written for the Medical Exam YouTube channel and answered blind by a second AI model before publication.
44Question
A nurse is about to give a full bed bath to a client on contact precautions for a draining wound infected with a multidrug-resistant organism. The unit educator observes the nurse's isolation gown technique. Which actions are correct?
Select all that apply.
- Choose a gown that covers the torso from the neck to the knees and the arms to the wrists
- Hang the gown on a hook in the corridor so it can be worn again for later visits
- Discard the gown inside the room before stepping out into the hallway
- Keep the same gown on while caring for the neighboring client in the next bed
- Put on a fresh gown if the one being worn becomes wet or torn during care
- Tie the gown at the neck only and leave the back open for easier movement
Show the answers and explanation
Answers: A, C and E.
- A – Choose a gown that covers the torso from the neck to the knees and the arms to the wrists
- C – Discard the gown inside the room before stepping out into the hallway
- E – Put on a fresh gown if the one being worn becomes wet or torn during care
Topic: isolation gown use
An isolation gown protects the uniform and skin only if it covers the body adequately and stays intact. It is single-use for one client, is changed if it is soaked or damaged, and is removed and discarded in the room before leaving, followed by hand hygiene.
Why the others are wrong
- B – A used gown is contaminated; carrying it into the corridor or storing it for reuse spreads organisms.
- D – A gown is not worn from one client to another; doing so carries organisms between clients.
- F – Tying only at the neck leaves the back and torso uncovered; the gown must wrap fully and be secured at the neck and waist.
Written for the Medical Exam YouTube channel and answered blind by a second AI model before publication.
45Question
A client is admitted with varicella (chickenpox) and active vesicular lesions. The charge nurse reviews the room setup and staffing. Which measures are required?
Select all that apply.
- Surgical mask for staff entering the room
- Negative-pressure airborne infection isolation room
- Door kept open so air can circulate
- Gown and gloves for contact precautions until all lesions are crusted
- Assignment of a nurse who has never had the disease or the vaccine
- Sign on the door announcing airborne precautions
Show the answers and explanation
Answers: B, D and F.
- B – Negative-pressure airborne infection isolation room
- D – Gown and gloves for contact precautions until all lesions are crusted
- F – Sign on the door announcing airborne precautions
Topic: airborne and contact isolation for varicella
CDC recommends airborne plus contact precautions for varicella until all lesions are dry and crusted. The client needs a negative-pressure airborne infection isolation room with the door kept shut, staff wear gowns and gloves, and a sign tells everyone who approaches. Only staff with evidence of immunity are assigned, and they use respiratory protection (an N95 or higher respirator) as facility policy directs; a surgical mask is not an airborne precaution.
Why the others are wrong
- A – A surgical mask does not filter small airborne particles and is not an airborne precaution; respiratory protection is an N95 or higher respirator.
- C – An open door lets contaminated air leave the negative-pressure room; the door stays closed.
- E – A non-immune nurse risks infection; only staff with evidence of immunity should be assigned.
Written for the Medical Exam YouTube channel and answered blind by a second AI model before publication.
46Question
A 78-year-old client has received clindamycin for 6 days for a skin infection. The client now has watery diarrhea about eight times a day, lower abdominal cramping and a white blood cell count of 17,000/mm3. Which healthcare-associated infection should the nurse suspect?
- Catheter-associated urinary tract infection
- Clostridioides difficile infection
- Ventilator-associated pneumonia
- Central line-associated bloodstream infection
Show the answer and explanation
Answer: B. Clostridioides difficile infection
Topic: recognizing C. difficile infection
Broad-spectrum antibiotics disrupt normal bowel flora and allow Clostridioides difficile to overgrow. Frequent watery stools, cramping and leukocytosis after antibiotic therapy in an older adult are the classic picture.
Why the others are wrong
- A – A catheter-related urinary infection would bring urinary symptoms, and no catheter is described.
- C – Ventilator-associated pneumonia causes respiratory signs in a ventilated client, not diarrhea.
- D – A central line bloodstream infection presents with fever and chills in a client with a line, not isolated diarrhea.
Written for the Medical Exam YouTube channel and answered blind by a second AI model before publication.
47Question
A nurse is caring for a client who has a stage 4 pressure injury. Which task requires the nurse to add eye protection to the gloves?
- Counting the radial pulse and checking the oral temperature of the client
- Applying a moisturizing cream to the client's intact skin on the arms
- Flushing the wound bed with a pressurized stream of saline
- Turning the client with a draw sheet to relieve pressure over the sacrum
Show the answer and explanation
Answer: C. Flushing the wound bed with a pressurized stream of saline
Topic: when to wear eye protection
Eye protection is worn when a task is likely to splash or spray blood or body fluids toward the face. Pressurized wound irrigation can splash wound fluid, whereas the other tasks do not create that risk.
Why the others are wrong
- A – Taking a pulse and temperature does not produce spray; standard hand hygiene is enough.
- B – Applying cream to intact skin carries no splash risk to the eyes.
- D – Repositioning with a draw sheet is a contact task and does not expose the face to fluids.
Written for the Medical Exam YouTube channel and answered blind by a second AI model before publication.
48Question
A client with suspected rubella is placed on droplet precautions. The charge nurse needs to choose a staff member to provide direct care. Which staff member is the best assignment?
- A pregnant RN who believes she was vaccinated as a child but has no record
- An LPN who has never had rubella and has not received the vaccine
- A nursing student who recalls having measles during childhood
- An RN with documented rubella immunity from vaccination
Show the answer and explanation
Answer: D. An RN with documented rubella immunity from vaccination
Topic: rubella precautions and staffing
Rubella spreads by droplets and contact with nasopharyngeal secretions. Susceptible staff, especially pregnant staff because of the risk of congenital rubella syndrome, should not enter the room when immune staff are available. Only documented immunity is dependable.
Why the others are wrong
- A – Pregnancy raises the stakes and the immunity is unverified; this nurse should stay out of the room.
- B – This nurse is susceptible and could acquire and spread the infection.
- C – Having had measles gives no protection against rubella, which is a different virus.
Written for the Medical Exam YouTube channel and answered blind by a second AI model before publication.
49Question
A new nurse asks why hand hygiene is required before entering the room of a client recovering from abdominal surgery, when only a clean task is planned. Which response is best?
- It removes transient organisms from the hands before they reach the client
- It is required only when the hands are visibly soiled with body fluids
- It eliminates the resident flora that live in the deeper layers of the skin
- It protects the nurse from organisms present in the client's room
Show the answer and explanation
Answer: A. It removes transient organisms from the hands before they reach the client
Topic: purpose of hand hygiene before contact
Hand hygiene before client contact protects the client from transient organisms picked up from other surfaces and clients. Hand hygiene on leaving protects the nurse and the environment. Resident flora are not eliminated by routine hand hygiene.
Why the others are wrong
- B – Hands need cleaning at the key moments even when they look clean.
- C – Routine hand hygiene removes transient organisms and only reduces resident flora.
- D – This describes the reason for hand hygiene after leaving, not before entering.
Written for the Medical Exam YouTube channel and answered blind by a second AI model before publication.
50Question
A client with a draining wound infected by a multidrug-resistant organism is on contact precautions. A nurse will give the client a bed bath, and no splashing or spraying is expected. Which personal protective equipment should the nurse put on?
Select all that apply.
- Surgical mask
- Gloves
- N95 respirator
- Gown
- Face shield
Show the answers and explanation
Answers: B and D.
Topic: PPE for contact precautions
Contact precautions call for gloves and a gown for direct client care because the organism spreads by touch and by contact with the client's surroundings. A mask, respirator or face shield is added only when the task predicts a splash or the organism also spreads through the air or droplets.
Why the others are wrong
- A – A surgical mask is not routine for contact precautions unless a splash is expected.
- C – An N95 respirator is for airborne organisms, which this is not.
- E – A face shield is used when a splash or spray is expected, and none is expected here.
Written for the Medical Exam YouTube channel and answered blind by a second AI model before publication.
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